Zarcone, J. R., Fisher, W. W., & Piazza, C. C. (1996). Analysis of free-time contingencies as positive versus negative reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 247-250.

Providing a short break contingent on completed work may increase responding through positive reinforcement (e.g., access to preferred activities) or negative reinforcement (e.g., escape from work). In this investigation, three analyses conducted with a boy with profound mental retardation showed that (a) a 20-s break increased responding more than a positive reinforcer (cola) did, and (b) the reinforcing effects of a 20-s break were affected by the availability of positive reinforcers during the break.

DESCRIPTORS: behavioral assessment, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, reinforcer assessment, free-time contingencies